Specific Features and Clinical Profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome by Sex

Farouk Menzou*

Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital of Douéra, Algeria

^*Correspondance to: Farouk Menzou 

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Abstract:

Introduction: Despite the decline in cardiovascular disease in recent decades, an increase in the death rate has been observed in younger women (<55 years). Women have more time between onset of symptoms and presentation and are less likely to undergo diagnostic tests such as EKG and troponins, especially younger women. The presentation can be similar between men and women; over 80% of both report chest pain when presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Objective of the Study: The aim of our work is to assess the differences between the two sexes; the cardiovascular risk profile, management of acute care and secondary prevention as well as inhospital and 1-year mortality. Methods: We recruited 346 patients, the mean age 63.4 ± 12.7 years are admitted for ACS (179 (51.7%) STEMI, 120 (34.7%) NSTEM and 47 (13.6%) unstable angina), we evaluated the clinical characteristics , electrical, biological, therapeutic as well as the risk scores and the intra-hospital and 1-year mortality according to the sex of all the patients hospitalized for an ACS. Results: We have 100 (28.9%) women and 246 (71.1%) men, a ratio of 2.46, men with ACS are older than women (66.34 ± 12.3 vs. 62.13 ± 12.7; p<0.01), 17% women and 23.6% men are under 55 years old, there are more hypertensive women (80% vs. 39.2%, p<0.01), with a ratio of 1.6, there are more women with diabetes (65% vs. 47.9%, p<0.01) with a ratio of 1.4, There is no significant difference between the two sexes in terms of frequency of dyslipidemia (p=0.06), 85% of women are menopausal, at the ECG the involvement in women is more extensive (number of leads affected >6 in 76% vs. 64.2%, p=0.04), Renal involvement is more significant in women (p=0.02), there is a Statistically significant difference in mortality at 1 year between women and men (17% vs. 7.3%; p=0.01). Conclusion: Women hospitalized for ACS have more cardiovascular risk factors than men and cardiovascular mortality at 1 year remains higher in women, this observed difference is mainly linked to the disparity in the quality of care and the results in patients with ACS.

Keywords:

Female; Clinical profile; Acute coronary syndrome; Long-term mortality

Cite the Article:

Menzou F. Specific Features and Clinical Profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome by Sex. Ann Clin Case Rep. 2022; 7: 2153..